Pathophysiology Final Exam

Which of the following is not associated with the Sodium ion?

What is hyponatraemia?

Muscular weakness, cramps, and partial paralysis could be caused by:

Calcium ___________:

The two hormones, __________ and __________, are responsible for regulating bone remodelling and control of the blood calcium levels.

An iron-containing red pigment that is found in muscle fibres is called:

The amount of blood pumped through the circulatory system in one minute is referred to as the:

Small cells in the blood that are essential for clot formation are called:

A passive circulatory system that transports a thin fluid designed to bathe the tissues of the body is called the _______ system.

The body’s ability to resist damage from foreign substances or harmful chemicals is known as:

An organ that functions as a part of the lymphatic system which is located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen is the:

Certain body sites are normally colonized by various bacteria, called the _______, that help to maintain homeostasis.

The location where the trachea branches into two mainstem bronchi is referred to as the:

You are testing your patient with a device to determine his pulmonary function. The amount of air that is moved in and out of the lungs with maximum inspiration and expiration is called the:

The process by which a gas dissolves in a liquid so that oxygen can be transported to the cells of our body is called:

During inhalation the diaphragm ________ creating a _________ pressure in the chest cavity.

The main respiratory stimulus is an accumulation of _________ in the blood.

_____ is the process of moving food the GI system with progressive muscle contractions.

The main region of the GI system for food absorption is the:

Which of the following is not a function of saliva?

The _____ produces the hormones insulin and glucagon.

_____ is the build-up of energy reservoirs and molecules in the body.

The body metabolizes glucose, amino acids and fats to produce:

Cellular respiration is a biochemical process that results in the production of energy in the form of:

 Fluid balance is the process of maintaining homeostasis by:

Aerobic metabolism take place in the:

The hormone responsible for water retention
by way of reabsorption through the kidneys is:

The _____ produces the hormone epinephrine
in reaction to the “fight or flight” response of the sympathetic nervous
system.

A _____ is the type of wound characterised by a smooth or jagged edge, resulting from a tearing or scraping action.

An acid
is acidic due to the ___________: a base is basic due to the ___________:

If the lungs are getting rid of too much
CO2 (acid), as with hyperventilation, then the patient will become:

Hypercapnia is a build up of carbon dioxide
in the blood to levels greater than:

Neurological changes such as headache,
confusion, blurred vision, lethargy, coma, decreased deep tendon reflexes could
be caused by:

Respiratory acidosis could be:

The patient at the highest risk for fluid
volume deficit is a:

A 32-year-old casualty was given two litres
of normal saline fluid by the Remote EMT before you arrive and has a diagnosis
of fluid volume excess. You are expecting to find:

Why does excessive administration of excess
fluids cause hyponatremia?

A casualty presents to your remote clinic with chest pain after completing an hour of vigorous exercise. You should expect which laboratory result?

The process of
excreting bicarbonate out of the body to correct an acid–base imbalance occurs through the:

When taking care of a casualty diagnosed
with gout, the medic monitors for an increased level in:

A 24-year-old female patient is found to
have a latex allergy. Which item poses the least risk for her?

A 28-year-old patient is admitted to your remote clinic with symptoms of an allergic reaction as a result of ingesting jelly beans. The initial action by the medic should be:

A 52-year-old casualty is brought to your
city based clinic with the following symptoms: dyspnoea, agitation, crackles
upon auscultation, and a productive cough of pink, frothy secretion. You
immediately suspect:

A casualty with COPD is admitted to the
clinic with respiratory distress where O2 therapy is given. The medic would be
concerned most with which test result?

Which drug class is a quick-relief
medication used to treat asthma?

When auscultating a casualty’s lungs, the
medic hears soft, high-pitched popping sounds upon inspiration. This is
documented as:

Jugular vein distension
(JVD) is most prominent in which disorder?

Which symptom is most commonly associated with left-sided heart failure?

Which is the
predominant cause of angina?

When assessing shock states, which type of shock would the medic recognise as being different from all other classic presentations of shock?

An unresponsive patient arrives in the clinic wearing a medic-alert bracelet stating severe peanut allergy. Respiratory arrest and collapse occurred after ingestion of a chocolate dessert. Which immediate intervention is priority?

When the patient is in shock, which is the best clinical parameter to use initially to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment?

If a patient has blood type
A, which antibodies are present?

Which of the following are NOT symptoms of a headache?

Compartment syndrome is characterised by:

Which of the following statements about
gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is correct?

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are two:

Appropriate treatment when assessing and
preparing a patient with acute appendicitis for surgery would include:

Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E have:

When providing nutritional teaching to a
casualty, the medic knows the most important nutrient for body function is:

Whilst working on an offshore oil rig,
survivors from a capsized boat are rescued. Which nutrient did they use first
when they were starving on the open seas?

A major energy
source for the body is which nutrient?

A casualty admits to frequent urination,
thirst, and weight loss. He is diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). As a
medic you know that DKA is caused by:

What is the difference between type I and
type II diabetes?

One of the major body organs involved with
fluid balance and chemical composition is the:

Which of the following are
NOT functions of the integument system?

A casualty presents to the clinic with
second-degree burns. Which findings should be expected during the assessment?

When assessing a casualty, which type of burn involves the complete destruction of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue?

A casualty comes to the clinic with many fluid-filled blisters located on the right anterior trunk and states that she feels severe pain at the area of the rash. Which disorder do these symptoms best describe?

A casualty presents to the clinic with
extreme thirst, muscle cramping, and diaphoresis. She complains of dizziness
and near syncope while working outside in the heat this afternoon. All vital
signs are normal except an elevated temperature of 102 F (39 C). The medic
suspects that the symptoms indicate:

The treatment plan for a casualty with heat
stroke should NOT include:

A medic cares for a patient with frostbite
damage to the toes bilaterally. Prior to beginning the rewarming process, the
medic gives which medication?

Which of the following are
signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis?

The most dangerous complication of a
lightning strike injury is:

A casualty is stung by a wasp on the dorsal
surface of the left hand. It is important to promptly remove jewellery from the
left hand, wrist, and arm because:

What are the four routes of entry of toxic substances into the body?

Which one is
NOT a symptom of urinary tract infection

A remote medic is assessing a male patient
who is complaining of painful urination, green discharge from the penis, and
rectal itching. Which sexually transmitted disease should be suspected?

A female casualty comes into your remote
clinic with abdominal pain for the past 24 hours. You should suspect the
following:

A 48-year-old foreman just arrived in the country and presents to your remote site clinic with difficulty breathing and pain in his chest. You should suspect the following: